Flying machine



(52K 1931. D. K. JETTE FLYING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet l @cct 27, 1931.

D. K. JETTE FLYING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 D. K. JETTE cit. 27, 119311.

FLYING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 ma ma JETTE Oct. 27, 1931.

FLYING MACHINE Filed Sept. 22, 3,950

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Oct. 27, 1931 PATENT OFFICEv DAVID KLINGIBERG JETTE, OF MIDSKOG, SWEDEN FLY IN G MACHINE Application filed September 22, 1930, Serial No. 483,629, and in Sweden September 17, 1929..

This invention relates to flying machines having a supporting plane rotatable on a shaft, which by means of an articulated joint is secured to the body of the flying machine,

and more particularly to devices for rendering the starting and landing of such machines within a very limited space possible and for securing a stable and steady flight in the air.

1 For this purpose said supporting surface is, in accordance with this invention, provided with first a number of wings arranged at the under side of said supporting plane and placed in such manner that they are actuatedby the air resistance at the movement of the machine, by the wind pressure and by the air current from the propulsive propeller of the flying machine and thus cause said supporting plane to rotate, and secondly with O a number of fixed surfaces arranged on said supporting plane and placed obliquely in relation thereto so as to give the latter a tendency of moving upwards when rotated.

Furtherv purposes and features of the invention will be clear from the following specification and claims, and also from the annexed drawings.

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the annexed drawings.

Fig.1 shows an elevation of a flying machine embodying the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a front view of the same flying machine, i. e. a view seen from the right in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a plan of the supporting plane seen from above.

Fig. 4 shows a plan of the flying machine seen from above after the supporting plane and the guide-way have been removed.

Fig. 5 is a plan of the body proper of the flying machine and shows more particularly the guideway.

Fig. 6 is an end view of the body proper 5 of the flying machine in section on the line VI-VI in Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 shows a side View of the rudder and a section through the rear portion of the body of the flying machine.

0 Fig. 8 shows an end view of one of the wings below the supporting plane and Fig. 9 shows a in side elevation.

Fig. 10 shows a plan and Fig. 11 a side elevation of the stabilizing device placed above the supporting surface and adjustable by hand.

Fig. 12 shows the setting device for this stabilizing device.

Referring now to the drawings 1 indicates the body ofthe flying machine said body being by preference substantially egg-shaped. At its lower portion this body extends into a base portion or fuselage 2 which is constructed as a float but also carries landing wheels 3 to render it possible for the flying machine to start from and land also on the ground. At its front the body has a propulsive propeller 4 which is driven by a motor in the usual way. Behind the propeller 4 an air turbine 5 is journalled, preferably on the shaft of the propeller 4, so as to rotate freely and to be rotated by the air current from the propeller 4.

At the opposite end of the body 1 a rudder 6 is placed which preferably has horizontal as well as vertical steering surfaces and may be journalled in a universal bearing for use as a horizontal and as a vertical rudder simultaneously. The rudder 6 is controlled by use of the control shaft 7 (Fig. 7). rigidly secured to the rudderand journalled in a ball joint 8 in the rear wall of the body. The rudder is, moreover, actuated by rods 9 WhlCll are jointed by means of articulations to the rudder i. e. by means of horizontal pins 10 and slidably engage sleeves 12, which are journalled on vertical pins 11 and in whlch load springs for the rods 9 are enclosed.

Centrally through the body 1 a fixed shaft 13 extends which is vertical when the flying machine is in its normal posltlon. Immediately above the body 1 this shaft is connectportion of the same wing 'ed with ashaft 15 by means of a universal joint 14. This shaft 15 carries a circular I supporting plane 16, which 'is substantlally circular and freely rotatable on the shaft 15. The supporting plane 16 is stayed by a number of stays 17 which are connected with a hub 18 journalled at the top of the shaft 15. The universal joint 14 has for lts purpose to prevent violent oscillations of the supporting plane 16 during the flight from being transmitted'to the body 1. In order to keep the shaft 15 normally in straight line with the fixed shaft 13 and thus to keep the plane 16 horizontal, when the flying machine, is in its normal positiongthe-shaft 15 carries a disk 19 below the plane 16 said disk being connected with the body 1 by a number of springs 20 and thus kept in a position at right angles to the fixed shaft 13. From the under side of the plane 16 a number of arms 21 extend downwards which carry rollers 22 engaging the disk 20 from the upper side and the under side to guide the supporting plane.

At the under side of the supporting plane 16 a number of wings 23 are arranged carried by shafts 24, which are parallel to the under side of the plane 16 but oblique in relation to radii in this plane. The shafts 24 are rotatably journalled and actuated by springs 25 which tend to keep the wings 23 in the oblique position shown in Figs. 8 and 9, in which they are actuated by air currents from one side (i. e. in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 8) and thus cause the supporting plane 16 to rotate. On one half of the plane 16, the air resistance thus keeps those wings 23 in the operative position shown in Fig. 8 but on theopposite half of this plane the wings 23 are pressed to a horizontal position and thus make a minimum resistance to the motion.

The plane 16 is provided with a number of wing-shaped projections 26 which are placed obliquely or askew in relation to said plane in such manner that they give the plane a tendency of moving upwards when this plane is rotated in the direction determined by the wings 23.

Between the stays 17 on the upper side of the supporting plane 16 wings 27 are arranged, which are rotatable on shafts 28 slanting as the stays 17 but radial in a plan view, see Figs. 3, 10 and 11. To the wings 27 cranks 29 are secured which by means of pins 30 engage a sleeve 31 slidably journalled on the shaft 15. A spring 32 tends to keep this sleeve 31 in its uppermost position in which the wings 27 are inactive. The sleeve 31 is by means of a rod or wire 33 connected with a second sleeve 34 also j ournalled to slide on the shaft-15. The sleeve 34 may be moved up and down on said shaft by means of a lever 35 engaging said sleeve by means of a slot and pin connection and rotatably journalled on a stationary pin 36. A locking lever 37 cooperating with a toothed rack 38 serves to lock the lever 35 in position.

' It is obvious that the inclination of the Wings 27 may be controlled by use of the lever 35 which is operated by hand.

An air guideway 39 surrounds the body 1 partially and is constructed as a mantle of a suitable material. This guideway catches the air from the propeller 4 and the air turbine 5 and guides it upwards to the plane 16.

When the wings 23 at the under side of the supporting plane 16 are actuated by air currents, for instance caused by the air resistance at the propulsion of the machine, by wind pressure or by the action of the propulsive propeller, they cause the supporting plane 16 to rotate and at this the oblique surfaces 26 give the plane 16 a tendency of rising, as mentioned-above. Thus, the flying machine can rise more rapidly than a machine having fixed supporting planes.

When the flying machine moves downwards or alights, the plane 16 is caused to rotate powerfully by the air current moving upwards and thus retards the downward movement, because the plane 16 has a tendency of moving upwards, when sorotated. Starting as well as landing may, therefore, be made within a narrower area than that necessary for a flying machine having fixed supporting planes.

When the flying machine is moving ahead a tendency of tilting to one side is generated by the different action of the air resistance on the fixed lifting surfaces 26 on the left and right side of the machine. This tendency is neutralized or counteracted by the wings 23. Assuming, for instance, that the plane 16 rotates in the direction of the arrow (2 in Fig. 3 and that the machine is moving forwards in the direction indicated by the arrow b in Fig.

3, the elevating action caused by the air resistance on the surfaces 26 on the left side of the plane 16 is stronger than that on the right side of this plane and consequently the plane tends to be tilted to the rightin Fig. 'On the wings 23 on the right side of the plane 16 the air resistance (due to the rectilinear motion) acts in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 8 and, therefore, keeps those wings in their unfolded position, as shown in Fig. 8. The air resistance (due to the rotation of the plane 16) on the left side (Fig. 6) of the wings 23 then tends to raise said wings and consequently aids in elevating the right side of the plane 16. But on the left side of the plane 16 the air resistance (due to the rectilinear motion) is so strong that the wings 23 are caused to assume a horizontal position and cannot exert any raising action on the left half of theplane 16. Consequently, the plane 16 is automatically stabilized in the manner described.

If, however, a strong head-wind blows, so that the surfaces 26 exert a tilting action which is too strong the stabilizing action of the wings 27 must be resorted to. This stabilizing action is controlled by means of the lever 35, adjusting said wings to different inclinations, as described above.

The current of air from the propulsive propeller 4 and the air turbine 5 is distributed at the under side of the plane 16'by means of the guideway 39. This current of air may also serve to stabilize the supporting plane 16. Because this plane is not rigidly secured to the body 1 it may happen that the plane tends to raise more in its fore half thus assume ing an abnormal inclination backwards. The current of air from the propeller 4 may, however, by means of the guideway 19 be directed to act upon the plane 16 from the under sidebehind the centre of this plane at a suitable angle to counteract this raising action on the fore half of the plane.

To facilitate the steering of the machine when moving on the ground or on the water the rudder 6 is by means of ropes 40 connected with a device for controlling the rear wheel 3 of the base portion 2 said rear wheel serving as a steering wheel. This device comprises a screw 41 to which two rope rollers 42 are secured and around which the ropes 40 are laid, and a nut 43 on this screw 41, said nut 43 being connected with a forked member 45 which is rotatably journalled on vertical pins 44. The wheel 3 is journalled in this forked member 45 and is thus automatically actuated, when the rudder 6 is actuated for steering.

What I claim is 1. In a flying machine having a body and a propulsive propeller, a shaft connected with said body by means of an articulation, a supporting plane rotatably journalled on said shaft, wings arranged obliquely on the under side of said supporting plane and adapted to be actuated by the air resistance at the motion of the flying machine, by wind pressure and by the air-current from said propulsive propeller, and oblique fixed surfaces on said supporting plane to give the latter a tendency of moving upwards when rotated by said wings.

2. In a flying machine having a body and a propulsive, motor-driven propeller, a shaft connected with said body by means of an articulation, a supporting circular plane rotatably journalled on said shaft, wing shafts along the under side of said supporting plane and oblique in relation to radii of said supporting plane, wings rotatably journalled on said wing shafts, springs actuating said wings to keep them normally in an inclined position in relation to the under side of said supporting plane but permitting said wings to be swung to a horizontal position by the air resistance, said spring thus serving to adapt said wings to be actuated by theair resistance at-the motion of the flying machine, by wind pressure and by the air-cur rent from sai propulsive propeller, and oblique fixed surfaces on said supporting plane to give the latter a tendency of moving upwards, when rotated by said wings.

3. In a flying machine having a body and a propulsive motor-driven propeller, a shaftjointed to said body by means of an articulation, a supporting circular plane freely rotatchine,

stabilizing wings rotatable on shafts alon said supporting plane and adjustable to counable on said shaft, driving wings arranged obliquely on the under side of said supporting plane and adapted to be actuated by the air resistance at the motionof the flying maby wind pressure and by the air-current from said propulsive propeller, oblique fixed surfaces on said supporting plane to give the latter a tendency of moving upwards, when rotated by said driving ,wings,

teract the tilting action on said supporting plane caused by said driving wings and means for adjusting said stabilizing wings by hand.

4. In a flying machine having a body and a propulsionmotor-driven propeller, a shaft jointed to said body by means of an articulation, a supporting circular plane freely rotatable on said shaft, driving wings arranged obliquely on the under side of said supporting plane and adapted to be actuated by the air resistance at the motion of the flying machine, by wind pressure and by the air-current from said propulsive propeller, oblique fixed surfaces on said supporting plane to give the latter a tendency of moving upwards, when rotated by said driving wings, and means for guiding the air-current generated by said propulsive propeller upwards to the under side of said supporting plane to increase its angular velocity.

5. In a flying machine having a body and a propulsive motor-driven propeller, a shaft jointed to said body by means of an articulation, a supporting circular plane freely rotatable on said shaft, driving wings arranged obliquely on the under side of said supporting plane and adapted to be actuated by the air resistance at the motion of the flying machine, by wind pressure and by the aircurrent from said propulsive propeller, oblique fixed surfaces on said supporting plane to give the latter a tendency of moving upwards, when rotated by said driving, wings, an air turbine immediately behind said propulsive propeller, and an air guideway fixed to said body to guide the air-cirrcent generated by said propulsive propeller upwards to the under side of said supporting plane to increase its angular velocity.

6. In a flying machine having a body and a propulsive motor-driven propeller, a shaft jointed to said body by means of an articulation, a supporting circular plane freely rotatable on said shaft, driving wings arranged obliquely on the under side of said supporting plane and adapted to be actuated by the air resistance at the motion of the flying machine, by wind pressure and by the air-current from said propulsive propeller, oblique fixed surfaces on said supporting plane to give the latter a tendency of mov-' ing upwards, when rotated by said driving wings, and an air guideway fixed to said V propulsive, motor-driven propeller, a shaft jointed to said body by means of an articulabody and discharging behind the centre of said supporting plane to guide the air-current from saidpropulsive propeller upwards to the under side of said supporting plane to increase its angular velocity and to star bilize it. i

7 In a flying machine having a body and a tion, a supporting circular plane freely rotatable on said shaft, wing shafts along the under side of said supporting plane and placed obliquely in relation to r dii in said supporting plane, driving wings rotatably journalled on said wing shafts, springs actuating said driving wings to keep them normally in an inclined, operative position in relation to the under side of said supporting plane but permitting said driving 'wings to be swung to a horizontal, inoperative position by the air resistance, said springs thus adapting said driving wings to be rotated by the air resistance at the motion of the flying machine, by wind pressure and by the air-current from said propulsive propeller, oblique fixed surfaces on said supporting plane to give the latter a tendency of moving upwards, when rotated by said driving wings, stabilizing wings rotatable on' shafts along said supporting plane and adjustable to counteract the tilting action caused by said driving wings on said supporting plane, means for adjusting the inclination of said stabilizing wing s by hand,jan air turbine immediately behind said propulsive propeller, and an air guideway fixed to said body and discharging behind the centre of said supporting plane to guide the'air-current from said propulsive propeller upwards to the under side of said supporting plane to increase its angular velocity and to stabilize .it.

- In testimony whereof I have signed my name.

DAVID KLINGBERG JETTE. 

